With the advent of low cost – high bandwidth- low latency connectivity, the increased use of digitization techniques to deliver end-to-end intelligence, many industrial sectors are combining microelectronics and embedded software to deliver real time interactions between the physical and the digital worlds leveraging on complex IT infrastructures of interconnected devices, systems, systems-of-systems, edge and cloud services.

This creates attractive business opportunities for hackers that could exploit the large attack surface exposed by those complex infrastructures to extort money, potentially threatening to remotely cause physical damage to users or surrounding equipment.